GET THE FACTS.
REFERENDUM FACTS.

Why school districts use referendums

School districts typically pursue referendums when existing revenue sources—usually a combination of state aid and local property taxes—are insufficient to meet costs. Common drivers include rising operational costs, enrollment changes, aging facilities, and state funding formulas that do not keep up with inflation. Referendums allow communities to locally decide whether to fill those funding gaps.

Who can vote

Any registered voter who lives within the school district boundaries may vote in a school referendum, regardless of whether they have children enrolled in the district. Property ownership is not required, although property taxes are often the revenue source affected.

What a “yes” or “no” vote means

  • A “yes” vote authorizes the district to raise taxes or issue debt as outlined in the question.

  • A “no” vote means the district must operate within existing revenue limits and may need to reduce services, delay projects, or seek alternative solutions.

The outcome is binding; districts cannot implement the proposal without voter approval.

Impact on taxes

School referendums most often affect property taxes, not income or sales taxes.
Ballot materials usually estimate the tax impact for a home of a certain value, although the actual impact can vary over time due to changes in property assessments, enrollment, and state aid levels.

What are the main types of school referendums?

1. Operational (or operating) referendums

Operational referendums allow a district to collect additional revenue for day‑to‑day expenses, such as:

  • Teacher and staff salaries and benefits

  • Classroom materials and programs

  • Transportation, utilities, and building maintenance

  • Technology and student services

These referendums often last for a set number of years, though some states allow ongoing or “recurring” authority depending on statute. Funds raised must be used for operating purposes and cannot be diverted to construction.

2. Capital or bond referendums

Capital referendums authorize a district to borrow money, usually through municipal bonds, to pay for large, long‑term projects such as:

  • New school buildings or additions

  • Major renovations or infrastructure updates

  • Safety upgrades or land purchases

Bonds are repaid over many years—often 15 to 30—through property tax levies. Capital funds are legally restricted and cannot be used for operating costs like salaries.

Where do I find reliable information about my school district’s referendum?

Your local school district is the most authoritative source for referendum details because they are responsible for proposing and implementing.

Taxpayers should look on their school district’s website for:

  • The official ballot question wording

  • A description of what the money can and cannot be used for

  • Estimated tax impact by property value

  • Project timelines or budget plans

  • Public meeting presentation slides and FAQs